Networks are not physical addresses
Address blocks are allocated to organizations and routed through infrastructure. A database maps those signals to an estimated place.
Country-level results are often more stable than city-level results, but every location field remains approximate.
Providers centralize traffic
Residential ISPs, mobile carriers, enterprises, and satellite networks can route customers through gateways in another city or region.
The visible gateway location can differ substantially from the device location.
Databases update at different speeds
Address blocks move between providers and regions. Vendors use different sources, confidence models, and refresh schedules.
Two reputable services can disagree without either having access to precise device location.
VPNs intentionally change the visible region
A site sees the VPN exit network rather than the devices ordinary public route.
That is expected behavior and does not mean the device physically moved.
Use the result as context
Treat IP location as approximate network context. Precise browser geolocation normally requires a separate permission prompt.
Avoid making security, fraud, identity, or legal decisions from city-level IP geolocation alone.